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水梦家园1 發表於 2019-12-28 08:47

雅思大作文为何读不懂?

  很多烤鸭都问过这么一个问题:大作文题目明明没有很复杂的从句,而且每个字都认识,但是放在一起怎么就读不懂呢?下面北京新东方雅思老师李老师将与大家分享“我在考场上用了卸妆水,写大作文时笔下生风”.
  读不懂,就容易写跑题。同时,读不懂还意味着写不对,犯语法错误。造成这一问题的一个主要原因是:大家不熟悉修饰名词的几种结构。
  这篇文章就带大家了解并掌握修饰名词的四种结构:形容词、介词短语、分词作后置定语和定语从句,从而帮你读懂、写对。
  Part 1:真的看懂了吗?
  先来看一下有复杂修饰的大作文真题:
  Some people think that the best way to reduce time spent on commute is to replace parks and gardens close to the city center with apartment buildings, but others disagree. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
  当让大家翻译时,很多考鸭比较晕,而且当问到:“去掉所有修饰后,宾语从句的核心名词是什么?”和“这里的谓语为什么是is不是are?”时瞬间懵逼。而其实这道题的核心名词是way。
  找不出核心名词,你可能会:读不懂长难句,所写句子有语法错误,所写文章语法丰富性差。
  究其本质,你的问题在于:不认识化了妆的名词(加复杂修饰)。
  既然化妆了不认识,那就让我们一起来用括号牌卸妆水为浓妆艳抹的名词“the best way to reduce time spent on commute”露出它美丽的素颜吧!
  Part 2:修饰名词四大法
  看懂其本来面目(给名词“卸妆”),然后才能进行模仿(给自己的文章“化妆”)。
  01
  名词卸妆第一步:卸形容词
  (the best) way to reduce time spent on commute
  (最好的)方法
  化妆(形容词在写作中的运用):
  1、最显著的上升:the most dramatic increase
  2、一个小幅的下降:a slight decrease
  02
  名词卸妆第二步:卸介词短语
  “介词短语”简单理解为:“介词+…...”
  (the best)way (to reduce time) spent on commute
  方法(去减少时间)
  化妆(介词短语在写作中的运用):
  1、有不同技能的学生:students with various skills
  2、大城市和乡村之间的差距:the difference between majors cities and rural areas
  3、来自于世界交流的好处:the benefits from global communication
  03
  名词卸妆第三步:卸分词作后置定语
  分词可以分为“现在分词”和“过去分词”,区分的依据是:动词与被修饰名词之间的逻辑关系。如果是主动,用现在分词v-ing,如”children eating apples”孩子们主动吃,所以是现在分词eating;如果是被动,用过去分词done,如”apples eaten by children”苹果被吃,所以是过去分词eaten。
  (the best) way (to reduce time) (spent on commute)
  方法(去减少时间)(被花在通勤上)
  时间“被花费”,所以用过去分词spent作后置定语修饰time。
  化妆(分词作后置定语在写作中的运用):
  1、坐在屏幕前的青少年:teenagers sitting in front of screens
  2、在家工作的人们:people working at home
  3、从书本上得到的知识:knowledge acquired from textbooks
  4、花在修复老房屋上的钱:money used in repairing old constructions
  04
  名词卸妆第四步:卸定语从句
  定语从句是我们中国烤鸭最熟悉的,在使用时需要注意几点:
  1、雨露均沾:
  写作评分标准要求语法的丰富性,所以烤鸭们在写作中修饰名词时,应该灵活运用四种不同结构,不要每次都用定语从句。
  2、关系词的省略与否:
  定语从句中,当关系词在定语从句中作主语时,不能省略;
  (1)Students (who study far from home) can contact with their friends by instant communication tools.
  (2)Some people believe that people(who read books can develop more imagination and language skills) than those(who prefer to watch TV).
  3、“ when/where“ 与“介词+which”;
  小作文中常用定语从句连接两个不同的时间或者对象,此时注意,只能用“介词+which”或者“when/ where”,而不能用“介词+when”或者“介词+where”。
  例如:
  (1)A new road linked the river with the accommodation area(where/in which 100 extra homes lived).
  (2)Water use by the industrial sector remained stable at about 0km3 until 1950 (when/after which it began to increase rapidly).
  Part 3:综合运用
  卸妆之后就是:去减少被花在通勤上的时间的最好的方式;这样浓妆艳抹的主语(the best) way (to reduce time) (spent on commute)就漏出了它的素颜way。所以主语是单数,谓语自然而然是is。
  卸妆水好不好用,赶紧试一试,看真题:
  Some people said that (the most important)thing(about being rich)is that it gives the opportunity to help other people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
  (关于变有钱的)(最重要的)事,主语是thing,谓语当然是is。
  看清了美女的真面目,我们在写作文时也能运用这四种方法给名词化妆:
  (1)照顾工作繁忙的父母的孩子的最好的方式是把他们送去配备了专业设施的日托中心。
  (The best) way (to take care of children) (with busy parents) is sending them to daycare centers equipped with professional facilities.
  注:facilities【plural】:buildings, services, equipment etc. that are provided for a particular purpose设备,设施。
  (2)大城市和乡村地区的巨大差距使得想要找一份好的工作以及给自己的孩子提供更好教育的人们离开自己的家乡。
  The (big) difference (between the major cities and rural areas) forces people (who want to find a good job and provide their children with better education) to leave their hometown.
  在雅思写作中,我们不但要读懂题目意思,更要按照题目意思写对文章。掌握了在写作中利用好修饰名词的四种结构,不仅能直接领会有复杂修饰的大作文题目意思,还能丰富文章语法,看懂长难句的同时更能写出长难句!

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